Pharmaceutical microbiology is the branch of Microbiology, which is concerned with the investigation of microorganisms related to pharmaceutical production. Controlling the amount of microorganisms in a process environment, ensuring the sterility of the finished pharmaceutical product, and removing microorganisms and microbial by-products like exotoxin and endotoxin from water and other starting materials are a few examples. Pharmaceutical microbiology is involved in the creation of anti-infective medicines, the testing of potential medications for the presence of mutagenic and carcinogenic properties using microbes, and the production of pharmaceuticals like insulin and human growth hormone. Any aseptic production method must include pharmaceutical microbiology. Sterility testing, bioburden management, and environmental monitoring are important factors that must be taken into account while ensuring product quality.

A branch of medical science involved with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases is known as medical microbiology, a sizable subset of microbiology that is applied to medicine. Additionally, this branch of science investigates numerous clinical uses of microorganisms for enhancing health. Bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and one particular infectious protein known as a prion are the four types of microorganisms that cause infectious disease.

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